Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids

Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an Activity to prove it.
Answer: As shown in figure insert two nails on the wooden or rubber cork and place it in a beaker. Now connect these iron nails with a bulb, a 6 volt battery and a switch using a wire. Now pour some alcohol or glucose such that the nails will dip into it. Now turn the switch on, you will see that the bulb will not glow. Now empty the beaker and add some HCl aqueous solution at this time the bulb will glow. This proves that an acid can conduct electricity while alcohols and glucose cannot, even when they are containing hydrogen.

Above diagram shows that an acid solution can conduct electricity.

Difference between Metals and Non-metals on the basis of their physical properties

Difference between Metals and Non-metals on the basis of their physical properties:

Metals	Non-metals
1. Metals are generally solid at room temperature. (Except Mercury)	1. Non-metals exist in all the three states i.e solid liquid and gas.
2. Metals are generally hard. (except sodium which can be cut using a knife)	2. Non-metals are generally soft. (except diamond which us the hardest substance on the earth)
3. Metals are Malleable; means can be converted into thin sheets using a hammer. (except sodium and potassium)	3. Non-metals are generally brittle. Will broke down into pieces when beaten by a hammer.
4. Metals are ductile, means they can be converted into thin wires.	4. Non-metals are non ductile.
5. Metals have shiny surface or they are lustrous.	5. They are non lustrous. (except iodine)
6. Metals can lose electrons so they are electropositive in nature.	6. Non-metals gain electrons so they are electronegative in nature.
7. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.	7. Non-metals are bed conductors of heat and electricity. (Except graphite)
8. Metals are sonorous. They produce a sound on striking with a hard surface.	8. They does not do so they are not sonorous.
9. Metals generally have high densities. (except alkali metals)	9. Non-metals generally have low densities.

Explain sublimation

Explain sublimation.

Answer: Sublimation is the property of substance in which they are converted directly from solid to gas or vice versa. Such substances are known as sublime. Some examples of solids which sublime are ammonium chloride, camphor, naphthalene and anthracene. Let us perform an activity to separate a mixture of ammonium chloride and salt.

Take a mixture of ammonium chloride and salt in a china dish cover it inverted conical transparent funnel. At the other end of the funnel put a cotton plug so that vapour could not come out. Now place china dish on a burner. As the ammonium chloride is sublime after heating it will directly converted into vapour and this vapour will again condense at the upper colder part of funnel to form solid ammonium chloride. In this way the mixture ammonium chloride and salt can be separated by the sublimation method.

Electrolytic refining

Electrolytic refining:  It is the process of refining of metal in which impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made the cathode. A solution of metal salt is used as an electrolyte. The apparatus is shown in the figure given below. When electric current is passed through the electrolyte, the impure metal from the anode is dissolved in the electrolyte and an equal amount of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited on the cathode. The soluble impurities go into the solution whereas the insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom of the anode which is known as anode mud. Following diagram shows the electrolytic refining of copper in which anode is impure copper and cathode is thin strip of pure copper while the electrolyte used is the copper sulphate solution.

Test-Carbon and its Compound

                Science Test Class-X

                                                             Carbon and its Compound

                                  All questions are compulsory. All questions are of one mark.

1. Give the name of functional group (i) –CHO, (ii) –OH.
2. Name the product other than water formed on burning ethanol in air?
3. Name the functional group present in propanone (acetone).
4. Name the constituent of organic compound which can be produced by fermentation of sugar and is a constituent of beer.
5. Write (i) name and (ii) formula of the functional group present in the compound CH₃COOH.
6. What is denatured alcohol?
7. What happens when soap solution in a test tube is shaken with    (i) soft water (ii) Hard water?
8. What is catenation?
9. Write two allotropes of carbon besides Diamond?
10. Name the substance which is added to LPG for smell.
11. What is meant by saponification?
12.  Write the common and IUPAC name simplest aldehyde?
13. Write the structure formula of simplest ketone?
14. What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
15. What is homologous series?
16. Number of covalent bond present if propane are_____.
17. Write the reaction of sodium hydroxide with ethanoic acid.
18. Write the dot structure of carbon dioxide.
19. What is hydrogenation?
20. What are the two ends when micelle is formed?